Injuries and Infectious Complications from Hospital Instruments: A Literature Review

Abstract

Infectious injuries and complications associated with hospital instruments pose a significant challenge to patient safety and nursing practice. These complications are related to the use of invasive and non-invasive devices, such as catheters, probes, and cannulas, which, while essential for care, can cause pressure injuries and serious infections, such as bloodstream and surgical site infections. A literature review shows that factors such as advanced age, comorbidities, immunosuppression, prolonged hospital stays, and failure to adhere to biosafety protocols significantly increase the risk of complications. The study highlights the importance of hand hygiene, proper use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), monitoring indicators, and continuing education for the multidisciplinary team as essential prevention strategies. However, structural barriers persist, such as a shortage of human and material resources, as well as organizational flaws that compromise the effectiveness of safety protocols. Despite recent advances, the national literature still presents gaps in the
integrated analysis of hospital devices, infectious complications, and clinical and economic impacts. This reality reinforces the need for integrative reviews that systematize findings, support evidence-based practice, and guide public policies focused on patient safety. It is concluded that the prevention of injuries and infectious complications associated with hospital instruments requires a multidimensional approach, involving professional training,