Principais Lesões Orais em Pacientes Críticos: Uma Revisão de Literatura

Abstract

Objective: To analyze, through a literature review, the main oral lesions found in

patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and their relationship with syste-
mic complications, especially ventilator-associated pneumonia. Method: This study

consists of a literature review based on studies published between 2012 and 2024,
indexed in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases, using the descriptors intensive

care, oral lesions, and dentistry. Publications without language restrictions, directly rela-
ted to the topic and with clearly described methodology were included, while studies

outside the proposed scope or with methodological inconsistencies were excluded.
Results: The most frequent oral lesions in ICU patients include candidiasis, mucositis,
gingivitis, periodontitis, and traumatic ulcers. These conditions are often exacerbated

by factors such as immunosuppression, prolonged use of antibiotics, mechanical ven-
tilation, and inadequate oral hygiene. The anatomy and physiology of the oral cavity

directly influence the development of these pathologies. It was also observed that the

presence of a dentist in the multidisciplinary team contributes to early detection, prevention, and appropriate management of these lesions. Conclusion: Oral health in
ICU patients remains undervalued, despite its significant influence on clinical outcomes
and prognosis. The effective inclusion of dentists in intensive care protocols is essential
to reduce morbidity and mortality, as well as to promote the implementation of more
efficient guidelines for oral health promotion in this context.